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Comprehensive. Convenient. Compassionate.
A Division of Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center
PVHC Logo
Comprehensive. Convenient. Compassionate.
A Division of Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center

Is it a cold, the flu or COVID-19? How to tell, and where to get treated fast

Dec 10, 2025
Woman blowing her nose

Feeling sick can be stressful, especially when you’re not sure what you’re dealing with.

At Pomona Valley Health Centers (PVHC), we’re here to help you feel better faster with rapid testing and high-quality care.

Our urgent care locations offer rapid testing for flu, and COVID-19 while primary care provides rapid testing for strep throat.

Why cold, flu and COVID-19 symptoms overlap

Respiratory illnesses, like colds, the flu, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and COVID-19, can all cause cough, shortness of breath, fatigue and general discomfort.

Because cold symptoms, flu symptoms and COVID-19 symptoms often look and feel similar, testing is the best way to know which illness you have and how to treat it.

Understanding how respiratory viruses spread

In most cases, respiratory infections are contagious and usually spread through coughs, sneezes, close contact or touching surfaces with germs.

Why symptoms can look similar—but require different care

  • A cold might leave you congested and tired for a few days.
  • The flu can hit harder with fever and body aches.
  • COVID-19 can mimic both but may also cause loss of taste or smell.

Knowing what you’re dealing with helps you recover faster and prevents complications.

When to assume it may be COVID-19 during peak seasons

In most of the U.S., including Southern California, respiratory illnesses like the flu, RSV and COVID-19 tend to surge in the fall and winter.

Because COVID-19 often follows a seasonal pattern similar to flu and other respiratory illnesses, it’s important to treat any new respiratory symptoms as possible COVID-19 until testing shows otherwise.

Early testing can help guide treatment and keep your family and community safe.

Cold, flu and COVID-19 symptoms: key differences

Cold symptoms: typically mild and gradual

Common cold symptoms are typically mild, appear gradually and include:

  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Sneezing
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Hoarseness

Flu symptoms: sudden and intense

Common flu symptoms are more intense and typically appear suddenly:

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

COVID-19 symptoms: wide-ranging and unpredictable

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, possible symptoms of COVID-19 include:

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or a runny nose
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea

Red-flag symptoms that require immediate care

Emergency symptoms that require immediate medical attention include:

  • High fever that is difficult to control, especially if other symptoms are present
  • Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
  • Difficulty breathing or extreme breathlessness
  • New confusion or difficulty staying awake
  • Bluish tint to the lips or fingernails (may indicate low oxygen levels)
  • Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urination, dizziness)

How to know what you have: testing options

Rapid COVID-19 testing (same-day results)

A rapid COVID-19 test checks a small sample from your nose to see if the SARS-CoV-2 virus is present. The test is quick. Most people get their results the same day, helping you know whether you need to self-isolate, start treatment and take extra precautions around others.

Flu testing and when it’s recommended

A flu test also uses a gentle swab inside your nose to look for flu viruses. It is usually recommended if you have a fever, body aches or symptoms that came on very suddenly. This test is especially helpful for those with health conditions that increase the risk of complications.

PVHC offers rapid flu testing to confirm the diagnosis quickly, especially during flu season, when many viruses circulate at the same time.

When providers diagnose a cold without testing

Colds usually cause milder symptoms, and there’s no specific treatment needed.

Because of this, most people do not need a test. If your symptoms point to a cold (e.g., runny nose, mild cough or scratchy throat), your provider can usually diagnose it just by listening to your symptoms and doing a quick exam.

Why testing matters for treatment timing (especially flu & COVID-19)

Treatments for the flu and COVID-19 work best when started early, often within the first 48 hours of symptoms. Testing gives your provider the answers they need to provide appropriate treatment.

PVHC offers prompt testing for both flu and COVID-19 at all locations.

Treatment options for cold, flu and COVID-19

Home care for mild symptoms

Many mild respiratory illnesses, like the common cold and flu, can be treated safely at home.

The skilled physicians at PVHC recommend rest, plenty of fluids, warm showers or humidifiers for congestion and over-the-counter pain relievers.

If you have other medical conditions or take daily medications, we can help you decide which home remedies are safe for you.

Antivirals for flu (Tamiflu) and who qualifies

Antivirals, like Tamiflu, can help shorten flu symptoms and prevent serious complications. According to the CDC, they work best when started within the first 48 hours of symptom onset.

You may qualify if you:

  • Have sudden fever and flu-like symptoms
  • Are 65 or older
  • Are pregnant
  • Have asthma, diabetes, heart disease or chronic lung conditions
  • Are immunocompromised or have a weakened immune system

COVID-19 treatments and when they’re prescribed

COVID-19 treatments depend on your symptoms and personal risk factors.

PVHC providers may recommend antivirals for those who have a high risk of serious illness (e.g., those who are immunocompromised or have conditions like heart disease, diabetes or chronic lung disease).

Managing symptoms in children, older adults and high-risk patients

The following patients may need earlier testing, quicker access to antivirals or additional supportive care as they have a higher risk of getting sicker faster:

  • Adults 65 and older
  • Young children, especially under age 2
  • Pregnant patients
  • People with asthma, COPD or chronic lung disease
  • People with heart disease
  • People with diabetes or other metabolic conditions
  • People with kidney disease or liver disease

Anyone who is immunocompromised, including:

  • Individuals taking immune-suppressing medications
  • People receiving chemotherapy
  • People living with HIV
  • Anyone who has a weakened immune systems for other medical reasons
  • People who are overweight or have obesity
  • People with neurological or developmental conditions that make breathing illnesses harder to manage

If you’re in a higher-risk group, don’t wait to see if symptoms improve. PVHC providers can help you get the right testing and treatment quickly.

When to visit PVHC for fast care

Same-day care for severe or persistent symptoms

If you’re struggling with uncomfortable cold- or flu-like symptoms that are getting worse (or haven't improved after several days), visit one of our conveniently located PVHC urgent care centers for fast, effective, same-day treatment.

When a fever, cough or sore throat needs medical evaluation

Seek medical care if you notice one or more of the following symptoms:

  • Fever
    • Adults: 101°F (38.3° C) or higher
    • Children 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
    • Lasting more than 2-3 days
  • Persistent or worsening cough or chest discomfort
  • Sore throat accompanied by painful swallowing or swollen lymph nodes
  • Fatigue, body aches or chills that disrupt daily life
  • New or worsening sinus, facial or ear pain
  • Breathing difficulties (e.g., wheezing or shortness of breath)

These symptoms could be flu, COVID-19, strep throat or another upper respiratory infection. The experienced doctors at PVHC can quickly evaluate your symptoms and guide appropriate treatment services, so you can feel better fast.

How PVHC supports families during respiratory virus season

Pomona Valley Health Centers support families and individuals of all ages, making it easy to get the high-quality care you need. Our clinics provide rapid testing when needed and offer expert tips to help prevent the spread of illness at school, work, home and in your community.

Walk-in availability and appointment options

Whether you need a primary care appointment or walk-in urgent care services, Pomona Valley Health Centers offers flexible options to meet your unique care needs.

  • Request an appointment with a PVHC primary care provider
    Schedule routine or follow-up visits with one of our experienced family medicine physicians.
  • Reserve a spot in line at urgent care
    Skip the wait by saving your place in line before you arrive.
  • Walk into any PVHC urgent care location
    No appointment needed. Our clinics are ready to treat urgent symptoms the same day.
  • Schedule a Telemedicine appointment
    See a provider from the comfort of home for non-emergency issues or follow-ups.

At PVHC, we provide quick, efficient care so you can get back to your day faster—and feeling better.

Prevention tips to keep your family healthy

Preventive care starts at home. Use these tips to help keep your family healthy this season:

  • Stay up to date on flu and COVID-19 vaccines
  • Wash hands often
  • Avoid touching your face
  • Cover coughs or sneezes
  • Keep surfaces clean
  • Have sick family members stay home
  • Limit close contact with sick individuals
  • Ventilate shared spaces
  • Consider masks during high-risk times

Frequently asked questions

How can I tell if it’s a cold, the flu or COVID-19?

Colds are mild, flu comes on fast with fever and body aches and COVID-19 may include fever, cough or loss of taste or smell. Symptoms often overlap and testing is the best way to confirm your diagnosis and get the most effective treatment.

Do I always need a test to know what I have?

Not always. Mild colds may not require testing, but flu, COVID-19 or worsening symptoms should be confirmed with a test.

What symptoms mean I should see a doctor?

Emergency symptoms that require immediate medical attention include:

  • High fever that is difficult to control, especially if other symptoms are present
  • Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
  • Difficulty breathing or extreme breathlessness
  • New confusion or difficulty staying awake
  • Bluish tint to the lips or fingernails (may indicate low oxygen levels)
  • Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urination, dizziness)

How soon should I start flu or COVID-19 antivirals?

For best results, antivirals should be started within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Can I have the flu and COVID-19 at the same time?

Yes. It’s important to get tested to ensure you get the most effective treatment.

Where can I get rapid testing near me?

All PVHC urgent care locations offer rapid testing for flu, COVID-19 and other respiratory infections.

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